Which of the following is an effective technique for gathering user requirements?

Conducting surveys is an effective technique for gathering user requirements because it allows organizations to systematically collect input and insights from a large number of users. Surveys can be designed to address specific questions about user needs, preferences, and experiences with existing services or products. This feedback is crucial for understanding the expectations of users and identifying areas for improvement or new features that can enhance user satisfaction. By leveraging survey data, organizations can make informed decisions that align with user needs, creating a better overall experience.

In contrast, ignoring user feedback would lead to a lack of understanding of users' needs and ultimately result in solutions that do not meet their requirements. Using only theoretical models limits the understanding of practical, real-world user experiences and can result in designs that may not be applicable in practice. Limiting engagement to upper management excludes valuable perspectives from those who directly interact with the service or product, thereby missing out on essential insights that can inform effective decision-making.